National iodine deficiency disorders control programme introduction iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans. We are within the grasping reach of the target of 90 per cent household level coverage of adequately iodized salt of usi. Iodine deficiency is rare in the united states today, and this is largely due to the effectiveness of iodization in the general food supply. Presents technical and practical guidelines that can help countries in the eastern mediterranean region develop national programmes for the control of iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency disorders idd reflects the broad manifestations of iodine deficiency including the implications on reproductive functions and lowering of iq levels in school aged children. The national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp is implemented in order to prevent, control and eliminate these disorders and to provide assistance to the states for setting up idd cell and idd monitoring laboratories for ensuring quality control of. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring. Vir, in public health nutrition in developing countries, 2011 22. Pdf national iodine deficiency disorders control programme. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Pdf iodine deficiency disorders idds constitute a significant public health problem globally. Monitoring and evaluation are the last phases of a national iodine deficiency disorders idd control program but among the most important.
Iodine deficiency disorders idds include goitre, cretinism, hypothyroidism, abortion, stillbirth, brain damage, learning disabilities, mental retardation, psychomotor defects, hearing. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp. The national goitre control programme ngcp was one of the earliest national. Zhejiang introduced universal salt iodization usi programme in 1995 and has achieved the goal of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders idd since 2011. Figure 1 shows the infrastructure of a typical national idd elimination programme. The term iodine deficiency disorders idd refers to all the illeffects of iodine deficiency in a population that can be prevented by ensuring that the.
National iodine deficiency disease control programme. Community monitoring of the national iodine deficiency. National programme for prevention and control of deafness. Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders from the. Iodine deficiency disorders idd elimination is included under tenth fiveyear plan 20022007. Malnutrition both under and overnutrition and nonabsorption of nutrients are challenges that the nation is facing. World status of monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders. In india, no state is free from iodine deficiency and 200 million people are at risk of idd. The important objectives and components of national iodine deficiency disorders control iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp are as follows. Iodine deficiency disorders idds include goitre, cretinism, hypothyroidism, abortion, stillbirth, brain damage, learning disabilities, mental retardation, psychomotor. Deficiency of nutritional iodine in the food diet is called as iodine deficiency disorders. All people residing in endemic and non endemic areas for idd. Both insufficient and excessive iodine intake can result in thyroid disease. Historically, iodine deficiency disorders affected most countries of the americas.
This in turn leads to deficiency of iodine in crops grown on iodine deficient soil with consequently low iodine in the diet for livestock and humans. General english only international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders id united nations childrens fund d this document is intended primarily for managers of national programmes. National programme on prevention and control of diabetes, cvd and stroke. The term iodine deficiency disorders refers to all of the consequences of iodine deficiency, which depend on its severity and the age of the affected subject. It sets out principles governing the use of surveillance indicators in implementing interventions to prevent, control, and.
To target achieving usi in india, the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp was launched in 1992, reflecting the. Hetzel is indebted to his two secretaries, ms alison tuckfield and ms lyn giehl, for skilled assistance in. It is required at 100150 micrograms daily for normal human growth and development. This document is intended primarily for managers of national programmes for the prevention and control of micronutrient malnutrition. But now, the american continent is celebrating the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders, a remarkable achievement highlighted at the micronutrient forum global conference in cancun, mexico, on oct 2428, 2016.
Iodine deficiency in zhejiang pregnant women in the. We can boldly say that national iodine deficiency disorder control programme is a blessing to our people. In india, the entire population is prone to idds due. Deficiency of iodine can cause physical and mental retardation, cretinism, abortion, still birth, deaf mutism, squint besides goiter. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme dghs,maintenance of information data bank and communication system to deal with emergencies. Iodine deficiency is the single largest cause of preventable brain damage globally 1. Action iodine deficiency disorders control programme. In 1992, the ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorder control programme niddcp.
Review of experiences with iodized oil in national. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment. Deficiency of iodine can cause physical and mental retardation, cretinism, abortions, stillbirth. This paper summarizes the latest recommendations by the world health organization who, the united nations childrens fund unicef, and the international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders iccidd about indicators and their normative. Iodine deficiency disorders idd control in india medind. Proceedings for the national workshop on iodine deficiency disorders in ghana. Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism from voluntary diet. Control programme ngcp in 1962 which was later renamed as the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp.
Programs must take into account possible losses between point of manufacture or import and the consumers table. The present study was conducted to assess the current status of iodinedeficiency disorders idd in the national capital region of delhi ncr delhi and evaluate the implementation and impact of the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp. In august 1992, the national goitre control programme ngcp was renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp with a view to emphasise wide spectrum disorders caused due to iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development. Guidelines respond to the alarming prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in this part of the world, despite the availability of inexpensive, simple, and effective. The goal in the prevention of idds is universal salt iodization usi.
Review article fluorosis and iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine is a trace mineral required for optimal mental and physical development and is a key constituent of thyroid hormones. This would give the much needed fillip for effective implementation of national iodine deficiency disroders control programme in the country. Biological impact assessment study on salt iodisation programme in ghana jirapa and bongo sentinel districts. National iodine deficiency disorder control program, goi.
Meeting of the international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders iccidd held in kathmandu, nepal, 24. India, iodine deficiency disorders, iodized salt, national iodine deficiency disorders control programme, sustainable elimination introduction food and nutrition security at the individual and population levels is a fundamental right. International council for control of iodine deficiency disorders the international council for control of iodine deficiency disorders iccidd is a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization dedicated to sustained optimal iodine nutrition and the elimination of iodine deficiency throughout the world. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme. Iodine deficiency is the single largest cause of preventable brain damage globally. Due to glaciations, flooding, rivers changing course and deforestation the iodine present in top soil is constantly leached. Iodine deficiency in affected populations will continue unless continuous supplementation is provided, the most costeffective way being salt iodization.
Thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies for the degree of master of science, mcmaster university, canada, nov. Today, idd is a public health problem in countries and affects % of worlds population. National iodine deficiency disorder control programme. Reduce the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders below 10 percent in the entire country by 2012 a. Some of the physical achievements made under the programme during 2012 are mentioned as under. A successful public health programme idd control programme in india has been a public health success story. Surveys to assess the magnitude of the iodine deficiency disorders. Revised niddcp guidelines pdf file that opens in new window. Iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination a guide for programme managers second edition whonhd01. Iodine deficiency disorder idd control programme in india. However, the ban on the sale of noniodized salt was lifted in 2000 5 and was reimposed in 2005 6. Key words india iodine deficiency disorders iodized salt national iodine.
India is an endemic nation for fluorosis and iodine deficiency disorders idd. The programme is monitored by the deputy director health services situated in the directorate of health services, mumbai. The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders unscn. The goal of the program was to reduce the prevalence of idds to below 10 percent in endemic districts of the country by the year 2000. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme national. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme of india sheila c.
Economic evaluation of iodine deficiency disorders control programme in sikkim, india. Control of iodine deficiency disorders who emro world health. Therefore, in 1962, government of india launched national goiter control program and in 1992. Iodine deficiency disorders idd are linked to iodine deficient soil. In order to eliminate iodine deficiency in india and to comply with the. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp realizing the magnitude of the problem the government of india launched a 100 per cent centrally assisted national goitre control programme ngcp in 1962. Who guidelines for a national programme for the control. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. Safe drinking water and food security are basic human rights. Therefore, in 1962, government of india launched national goiter control program and in 1992, it is renamed as national iodine deficiency disorders control program. Although the effect of these types of diets on overall nutrition status and certain micronutrients has. Iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine t4 and triiodothyronine t3 and essential for the normal growth and development and well being of all humans.
National iodine deficiency disorders control program. National iodine deficiency disorders control progr. The government is implementing national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp formerly known as the national goiter control programme ngcp since 1962. National iodine deficiency disorders control program 100% centrally sponsored programme, launched in 1992. Community monitoring of the national iodine deficiency disorders control programme in the national capital region of delhi article pdf available in public health nutrition 145. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp introduction.
When severe iodine deficiency occurs during pregnancy, it is associated with fetal hypothyroidism, mental impairment, and increased neonatal. National nutrition services nns is providing technical leadership to the ministry of industries to implement food fortification programmes to reduce iodine and vitamin a deficiencies in the country. Losses may vary among the forms of iodine used iodide vs. Recent trends among specific populations of children in the united states include adopting food restrictions, such caseinfree and glutenfree diets. These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodinedeficiency disorders. Iodine is an essential micronutrient required daily at 100150 micrograms for normal human growth and development. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp, 1992. To assess the impact of goitre control measures over a period of time. Iodine is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine. In 1992, national iodine deficiency disorder control programme niddcp was adopted 4.
Current status of iodine deficiency disorders idd and. The national iodine deficiency disorders control programme niddcp is implemented in order to prevent, control and eliminate these disorders and to provide assistance to the states for setting up idd cell and idd monitoring laboratories for ensuring quality control of iodated salt and for monitoring urinary iodine excretion. It is a micronutrient and normally required around 100150 microgram for normal growth and development. National iodine deficiency disorders control programme launch of national goitre control programme, 1962 objectives.
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